一 | SACRAMENTO, Calif. -- California officials on Thursday faulted communities in a stretch of the crop-rich San Joaquin Valley for failing to develop a plan to adequately protect groundwater in the often drought-plagued state.The state's water resources board set an April hearing to determine whether the Tulare Lake Subbasin in the heart of California's farm country should be placed on probation. It is the first time the state has made such a move, and the first step in a lengthy process that could end up requiring large farms in the area to report groundwater use and pay fees.California is starting to regulate the pumping of groundwater after years of drought and overpumping left rural residents’ wells dry and led to subsidence, or the sinking of land, in some communities. Both issues have affected the largely agricultural region, which is home to 145,000 people, and stand to worsen absent revisions to the local groundwater plan, officials said.“This is an urgent issue,” said Natalie Stork, an official at the State Water Resources Control Board. “There are urgent impacts from continued overdraft in these basins.”The state enacted a 2014 law tasking communities with forming groundwater agencies and making plans to manage the resource sustainably, starting with the most critically overdrafted basins, including the Tulare Lake Subbasin.Five groundwater agencies joined together come up with a plan for the subbasin where farmers grow cotton, almonds and pistachios. But the plan was one of six that California's Department of Water Resources deemed inadequate this year.Now, the State Water Resources Control Board will hold a hearing April 16 to decide whether to place the Tulare Lake Subbasin on probation. If it does, large pumpers would report their groundwater usage and pay fees while the local agencies draft a new plan for the basin. If they don't, the board could eventually implement its own plan.Many communities rely mainly or solely on groundwater for drinking water and farmers count on it for irrigation, especially in a drought. California muddled through a spell of dry years until a series of winter storms drenched the state and dumped massive amounts of snow in the mountains. When the snow melted, it flowed down to form the reemerging Tulare Lake, which covered vast stretches of farmland with water. California has long tended toward wet and dry periods, but scientists at University of California, San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography have said they expect climate change will lead to drier dry years and wetter wet years.。 IT之家 7 月 22 日消息，英伟达昨日（7 月 21 日）发布博文，从技术角度详细介绍了 Vera CPU，专为智能体 AI（Agentic AI）场景设计。 英伟达表示智能体 AI 将更多的关键执行路径转移到了 CPU 上。智能体（Agents）在沙箱中运行代码、调用工具、检索上下文、与数据库交互以及分析结果，然后再将信息返回给模型。 IT之家援引博文介绍，智能体 AI 工作负载主要取决于以下几点： 即使插槽完全负载，也需要强大的单线程性能。 每个核心都有足够的内存带宽，以持续为许多活跃的执行上下文提供数据。 并发下的延迟具有可预测性，以便智能体能够稳定完成预定步骤。 高效处理不规则控制流、长依赖链和指针密集型数据结构。
二 | 英伟达在博文中强调，Vera CPU 围绕智能体 AI 负载设计，重点提升满负载条件下的单线程表现，其设计核心是 Olympus 核心。 英伟达强调 Olympus 核心采用前端、核心中段、执行引擎和缓存子系统四部分设计。前端集成 10 宽解码引擎，并支持每周期最多处理 2 个已采用分支。
三 | 其分支预测子系统包含神经分支预测器，用于提升复杂分支模式下的预测准确性。 该公司表示，Vera CPU 共配备 88 个 Olympus 核心和 176 个 SMT 线程，目标是在单线程高负载与更高线程密度两类场景间切换，并降低线程间资源争用。 在片上互连与缓存部分，Vera CPU 搭载 NVIDIA 可扩展相干互连，即 NVIDIA Scalable Coherency Fabric（SCF）。 NVIDIA 称，这一互连提供最高 3.4 TB/s 双向分区带宽，并在全核心范围内集成 164 MB 统一 L3 缓存，连接核心、共享缓存、内存控制器、I/O 与 NVLink-C2C 接口。 内存方面，Vera CPU 采用 SOCAMM2 LPDDR5X 内存。NVIDIA 称，该子系统聚合带宽最高 1.2 TB/s，按单核计算最高 14 GB/s，面向高并发 AI、分析、图计算与强化学习负载供数。 扩展与 I/O 方面，NVIDIA 称 Vera CPU 支持双路扩展，通过第二代 NVLink-C2C 构建一致性双路平台。 双路配置下，平台提供 176 条 PCIe 6.4 通道，并支持 CXL 3.1。保密计算方面，Vera CPU 基于 Arm CCA / RME，支持按虚拟机分配加密密钥，并使用经认证的 C2C 加密保护一致性链路数据。
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